<p>The Montague Center Historic District encompasses the well-preserved 19th century village center of Montague, Massachusetts. Montague Center, one of the town&#39;s five villages, is the civic heart of the town, and was also an active industrial area in the 19th century. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The village of Montague Center, one of five, is located in the central-southern part of the incorporated Town of Montague, with the Saw Mill River flowing generally westward on the north and east sides of the village. Main Street runs through the village with a minor westward jog in the center of the village, deviating from its generally northerly track. The east-west portion of this jog has a triangular green at its eastern end, with Center Street running eastward and North Street running north.</p><br>
<p>Further south on Main Street is a smaller triangle that forms the split-tail end of Old Sunderland Road at Main Street. In this triangular green is a tall sign-post box with several 18th-century signs giving directions to nearby towns, one of which is purportedly fake.</p><br>
<p>Originally the entirety of the town, splitting off from Sunderland in 1752, Montague Center took shape in the 19th century as the site of an early gristmill and the intersection of two east-west and north-south roads. Main Street is where the most significant buildings in the village lie, along with North and Center Streets, which line the town common. A school and two churches from the 1830s flanked the common, as did the 1858 town hall, now the village library. The oldest building in the district is the Root Tavern that dates to about 1734, now a home.</p><br>
<p>The district also includes the Alvah Stone Mill, now known as the Bookmill, separately listed on the National Register; it is located on the Saw Mill River.</p><br>
<p>The New Salem Common Historic District encompasses the historic town center of New Salem, Massachusetts. Located on South Main Street, it includes the town common and most of its civic and institutional buildings. Most buildings in the district date to the 18th and 19th centuries. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The land that now makes up New Salem was granted in 1734 to citizens of Salem, Massachusetts, and was settled in 1737. It flourished as a rural community based on lumber and agriculture, with the town center benefiting economically as a stagecoach stop on the route between Worcester and Brattleboro, Vermont. The town center was originally laid out in 1737, including a large common, of which the present two-acre common is a surviving remnant. Other early elements of the center include the town pound, a stone enclosure built to house stray livestock, and the cemetery. The town center was bypassed by the railroads in the 19th century, and the town subsequently stagnated economically and declined in population.</p><br>
<p>The historic district extends along South Main Street, from East and West Main Street in the north to Lovers Lane in the south. It is about 35 acre in size, with 43 historic buildings. Prominent among these are the First Congregational Church (1794), its 1838 and 1909 town halls, and the buildings of New Salem Academy, some of which date to the early 19th century. The common, in addition to several war memorials, includes a memorial to early settler William Stacy, who served in the American Revolutionary War and was an early settler of the Ohio Country.</p><br>
<p>The Newton School is a historic school at 70 Shelburne Road in Greenfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1915, it is one of the first graded elementary schools in western Massachusetts to feature a single-story plan and a large playground, presaging trends in those areas of school design. The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Newton School is located west of downtown Greenfield, at the northwest corner of Shelburne Road and Massachusetts Route 2A. The U-shaped brick building features a shallow slate roof, and a brick gable over the main entrance. The corners of the building have stone insets decorated with an open book design.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1915, during Greenfield&#39;s greatest period of economic and population growth. It was designed by William H. McLean of Boston, an architect known for school designs. The school remained in active use until 1968, at which time it was closed and the building was leased to a community organization. It was reopened in 1988, as its surrounding residential areas had seen significant growth.</p><br>
<p>A 1915 annual town report refers to the school as Westside, a reference to the location on the west side of the Green River.</p><br>
<p>With the help of the, Kaboom!, families and community members, Newton School built a new playground in October 2015 featuring playground instruments, unique to its community.</p><br>
<p>The Northfield Center Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at the western terminus of Parker Avenue in Northfield, Massachusetts. Established in 1686, it is the town&#39;s first burying ground, with documented graves dating to 1714. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Northfield Center Cemetery is located a short way west of the town center, at the western end of Parker Avenue. It is bounded on the east by a railroad right of way, and on the west by a wooded embankment leading down to the flood plain of the Connecticut River. It is 7.64 acre in size, and consists of roughly level ground, fringed with trees on the three sides not abutting the railroad tracks. The main entrance is at the southeast corner, and a narrow paved road provides a roughly oval circulation pattern through the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was established in 1686, and is Northfields first burying ground. Northfield was abandoned twice, because of King Philips War in the 1670s and King William&#39;s War in the 1690s, and was not permanently resettled until 1714. The gravesite of Zechariah Field, one of the 1714 settlers, has been identified in the graveyard. The cemetery continues in active use today, with more than 1,000 burial sites. The section with the oldest graves is near the center, and features stones of slate and schist, many adorned with winged skulls. One of the most elegant markers is that of the Allen family, consisting of a marble column 15 ft in height, entwined with carved vines and topped by an urn.</p><br>
<p>The Northfield Main Street Historic District is a historic district located along the full length of Main Street from Millers Brook to Pauchaug Brook in Northfield, Massachusetts. The district encompasses the part of Main Street that was laid out when Northfield was first established in the 17th century. The area has retained many of its traditional lot divisions, and features civic and residential construction from the 18th to the 20th centuries. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Northfield, the site of a Native American community prior to English colonization, was settled in 1672, abandoned during King Philips War (1675–78), briefly resettled, and again abandoned for the duration of King Williams War and Queen Annes War (1690-1713). The communitys permanent settlement history begins in 1714, although the site of a fort erected in 1685 near the present town center remained identifiable into the 19th century. Main Street was located on a terrace above fertile farmland in the floodplain of the Connecticut River, and is still the major north-south route on the east side of the river. The community has a largely agrarian history, with Main Street a focal point for business and civic activities, as well as a substantial number of early residences.</p><br>
<p>The historic portion of Main Street extends from Pachaug Brook in the north to Miller&#39;s Brook in the south, a distance of more than 2 mi. The spacing and layout of buildings along this route are the result of the 18th-century layout of the street and its abutting properties, while the architecture is predominantly 19th-century in character. The village has a large number of Federal and Greek Revival houses, mainly due to the influence of Calvin and Samuel Stearns, builders who had worked for Charles Bulfinch in Boston and arrived in the town in 1799. The Stearns family, in addition to building a substantial number of houses, also trained a generation of builders in these styles, resulting in their widespread use in the region.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Hall is a historic Odd Fellows hall at 1-5 State Street on the Buckland side of Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts. Built in 1877, and rebuilt after a damaging fire in 1895, it has been a focal point of the business district on the Buckland side of the village since its construction, serving an active Odd Fellows chapter until 1963. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In 1988 it was included in the Shelburne Falls Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Hall occupies a prominent location on the Buckland side of Shelburne Falls village, on the west side of State Street just south of the Deerfield River bridge joining Buckland to the Shelburne side of the village. It is a three-story wood frame structure, with a clapboarded exterior. The ground floor has two storefronts (presently unified in a single business), with recessed entrances flanked by large display windows. These are sheltered by a full-length portico support by large decorative brackets. The second floor has two groupings of three sash windows, and the third floor has a pair of Palladian window groupings. The building is crowned by a dentillated cornice and parapet.</p><br>
<p>The Shelburne Falls Odd Fellows chapter was organized in 1848, and originally met in space in another commercial building (no longer extant). After a major fire destroyed most of the commercial buildings on the Buckland side of the village in 1876, the chapter purchased a lot previously occupied by a hotel, and had this building erected. It was extensively damaged by fire in 1895, but the Odd Fellows rebuilt it. They used the building until 1962, after which it has served retail and commercial purposes. The building is notable in the village as one of the few surviving buildings in the village built with Victorian-era balloon framing methods.</p><br>
<p>The Powers Institute Historic District is a historic district encompassing a distinctive portion of the town of Bernardston, Massachusetts. It encompasses two parcels of land, one on each side of Church Street between South and Library Streets, totalling 6.5 acre. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>There are four buildings on these parcels, the most notable of which is the Italianate Powers Institute building. Its construction was funded by a bequest from Bernardston native Edward Eppes Powers (1793-1855), and it was built in 1857 on land donated by a number of local residents. The building was intended to serve the towns secondary school needs, but its reach expanded with the construction in 1860 of Cushman Hall, a dormitory located across the street. Land and funds for its construction came from Henry Cushman, a local resident who served as atrustee of the Powers bequest, and played a role in the institutes administration. Thereafter the school also took in students from further afield. Cushman in 1862 also funded the construction of the Cushman Library, which was built next to the institute.</p><br>
<p>Upon the death of Henry Cushman, Cushman Hall was willed to the town, with the provision that income from its use go toward a park on the adjacent land. He also endowed the library, which was one of the first to be built in the area. Cushman&#39;s gift was expanded upon in 1900, when the family of John Sanderson donated funds to expand the library building, adding a second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Power Institute remained a successful public-private academy until 1891, at which point it was transitioned to operate as a more conventional secondary high school for area residents. Cushman Hall ceased to be used as a dormitory, and was converted into apartments. In 1958 the school was closed, and has since been converted for use by the Bernardston Historical Society. The district includes one non-contributing property: a fire station was built on the institute parcels in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Arthur A. Smith Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge, carrying Lyonsville Road across the North River in Colrain, Massachusetts, United States. Built in 1869, it is the only Burr truss bridge in the state, and is one of a few 19th century covered bridges in the state. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Arthur A. Smith Covered Bridge is located west of Colrain&#39;s village center, carrying Lyonsville Road across the North River a short way west of Massachusetts Route 112. The bridge is 100 ft long, with an outside width of 17 ft and an inside width of 12 ft, sufficient for one lane of traffic. Much of the slate on its gabled roof was reclaimed from the original bridge roof. The exterior is windowless with vertical pine board siding. The structure is of a Burr Truss. Ten braced king posts are tensioned by sweeping segmented timber arches that sandwich the braced posts.</p><br>
<p>In 1920 the bridge was strengthened with the addition two great laminated lumber arches. 2" X 12" spruce planks were bent and stacked to arch from abutment to abutment following the curve of the original Burr Truss arch. Threaded steel rods hang from these arches to hold the bridge deck support beams.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1869 to cross the North River in Colrain Massachusetts close to where it is joined by the Fox Brook. The site is vulnerable to flooding and the Fox Bridge was soon severely damaged by flood in 1878. It then sat abandoned until 1896, when the town voted to rehabilitate it and moved it to its present location, where it served as part of the main road to Heath. The area was then known as the "Arthur A. Smith Flats", after a prominent local resident who lived in the area. In 1982 it was taken out of service and moved to adjacent land. Following a $2.1M rebuilding in 2007 a recreation of the Arthur A Smith was placed back over the river but was not opened to vehicular traffic at that time. It was re-opened to traffic in 2021.</p><br>
<p>The Bridge was only slightly damaged during the record flooding of Hurricane Irene in 2011. This is due to its having been placed on abutments that lift it high above the surrounding floodplain.</p><br>
<p>The Sunderland Center Historic District encompasses the historic center of the farming town of Sunderland, Massachusetts, on the plains of the Connecticut River. The multi-acre district runs along North and South Main Street , roughly from Old Amherst Road to North Silver Lane, and includes Bridge Street and the Sunderland Bridge across the river. The properties in the district largely still follow the plan of the town when it was first laid out in 1714. The predominant architectural style in the district is Greek Revival, but there are fine examples of Georgian and Federalist architecture, as well as a number of late 19th and early 20th century architectural styles. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The area that became Sunderland was occupied by Native Americans until the 1670s, when it was purchased from them by English settlers; the single largest purchased traded much of the land for 80 fathoms of wampum. The settlement, known as Swampfield, was abandoned during King Philip&#39;s War (1675–78), and was not reestablished until 1714. At that time, Main Street was laid out along what had been a Native American trail, with a width of eight rods, and land parcels with frontage of fourteen rods were allotted to settlers. Land for the town cemetery was set aside, as was common land and a parcel for a minister. This basic plan is still visible in the lot divisions of the town center, although most of the lots have been divided, halving their frontage.</p><br>
<p>The South School is a historic school building in Stoneham, Massachusetts. It is the best preserved 19th century schoolhouse in Stoneham. The two-story wood-frame building housed two classrooms on each of its two floors, and was built c. 1857–58, at a time when many schoolhouses in the state were typically single story buildings with one or two classrooms. The building saw academic use well into the 20th century before being converted to other uses. It has retained its basic form, as well exterior Italianate features.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It presently houses community social services agencies.</p><br>
<p>Turners Falls Historic District is a historic district encompassing much of the historic center of the village of Turners Falls in the town of Montague, Massachusetts. The village is a well-preserved example of an 1870s planned industrial community. It is roughly bounded by the Connecticut River, Power Canal, 9th and L Street. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Turners Falls was founded in the 1790s, when a canal was dug around the falls of the Connecticut River as part of a water-based transportation network. The canal remained in operation until the 1840s, when more reliable railroad transport rendered it obsolete. In 1867, Alvah Crocker, a businessman from Fitchburg, sought to harness the river&#39;s power for industrial use, and purchased the rights of the defunct transport canal. Crocker and his partners replaced the transport canal with a larger power canal, where the water power could be sold to adjacent businesses. Adjacent to the power canal, Crocker laid out a grid of streets (numbered in one orientation, lettered in the other), with Avenue A as its principal thoroughfare.</p><br>
<p>The first major business to locate there was the Russell Manufacturing Company, a Greenfield-based manufacturer of cutlery. Its plant, which has not survived, was the largest cutlery factory in the world at its greatest extent. The most prominent surviving industrial works are those of the Keith Paper Company, which was founded in 1871 but whose oldest buildings date to 1877. The village street grid encompassed worker housing (for various classes of labor and management), as well as the commercial district located mainly on Avenue A.</p><br>
<p>The Old Tavern Farm is a historic farmstead at 817 Colrain Road in Greenfield, Massachusetts. The main structure exemplifies the organic growth of a farm complex from colonial days into the 19th century. The main block of the house is a Federal style 2-1/2 story center chimney structure, built c. 1820. A 42 ft wing added onto the main block&#39;s west side is built in part on a foundation dating to 1740; this section of the house was apparently built in 1794, tearing down the earlier 1740 construction. This wing is attached at its other end to a 19th-century barn.</p><br>
<p>The origins of this farmstead lie in the movements of Samuel Hinsdale (1708–86), whose father Mehuman, a tavern owner, was taken captive by Native Americans in the 1704 Raid on Deerfield. The elder Hinsdale died in 1736, willing this land, then still part of Deerfield to his son, who apparently built here around 1740, the year before his son was born. Not long afterward, Hinsdale was known to operating a tavern, for which he was formally licensed in 1747, although it is unclear if the license was for this location. Hinsdale was elected to the first board of selectmen when the Greenfield was separated from Deerfield in 1753. By 1787, when his estate was inventoried, Hinsdale had unambiguously been operating a tavern here, as well as a cooper&#39;s shop. The tavern continued to be operated by his sons. After 1836 the tavern was operated by others, and was closed in 1860, apparently due to the temperance movement.</p><br>
<p>In the later part of the 19th century the property, then 160 acre, was used primarily for agricultural purposes by the Smith family, whose descendants occupied the property until 1997. Now much reduced in size, the property is operated as a bed and breakfast inn, reviving its earlier use as a service to travelers.</p><br>
<p>The farmstead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>St. James Park is a neighborhood in the West Adams section of Los Angeles, California. It is a residential neighborhood surrounding St. James Park consisting of homes built in a mix of Classical Revival, Craftsman and Queen Anne styles. The neighborhood was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 and contains eleven Historic-Cultural Monuments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1887, the Los Angeles Herald announced that the forthcoming St. James Park would have a stone entrance to "rival the Arc de Triomphe" and would be eventually be surrounded by "the most costly residences yet erected on this coast". Named by George King and his wife, the couple donated the parkland to the city in commemoration of their many trips to London.</p><br>
<p>As the neighborhood around the park developed, prominent residents included Leslie Keeley, Homer Laughlin, Eli P. Clark, Margaret Hughes, Thomas Dockweiler and Norman Sterry.</p><br>
<p>In 1896, the Ladies Auxiliary had a benefit for the Stimson-Lafayette Industrial School. The event had a carnival theme, with "myriads of electric lights", palmists, fortune tellers and people in costume. The Los Angeles Lighting Company furnished the electricity as its contribution to the event. There were multiple themed booths, including an American Booth, a Spanish Booth, and two Central American booths. At 11 PM, "the tamale booth, which was one of the most beautiful in the grounds", caught fire from a Japanese lantern. Hours later, the phonograph booth caught fire in the same way and was destroyed.</p><br>
<p>In September 1906, a Los Angeles Times reporter wrote: "The growing popularity of apartment houses is causing them to encroach on grounds heretofore exclusively reserved for high-class residences". He was reporting on "one of the handsomest apartment-houses in the city", which was designed by Thornton Fitzhue and was to be built on the southern side of St. James Park, "with a north frontage on the botanical gardens". All would have servants&#39; quarters. Landowner John R. Powers completed another apartment building in St. James Place in 1909, with an entrance also on Scarff Street. Designed by George W. Wryman, it was divided into four apartments of seven rooms each; the venture represented an investment of $35,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1909 the sidewalks of St. James Park were known as a place where nurses attending perambulators would air and care for babies of the mothers who lived nearby.</p><br>
<p>In the 1910s, 20s, 30s and &#39;40s, the Times and the Los Angeles Evening Express continued to cover the "high society" families living in St. James Park.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, the Times said: "St James Place, Chester Place, Scarff Street - those place-names mean little to present day Angelinos. Yet they spell an aristocratic Los Angeles of the past, and to a good extent, the present. They are of the wealthy Los Angeles of a past generation, and a visitor to the neighborhood will find evidence of its elegance, if somewhat frayed and faded in spots."</p><br>
<p>Five years later, in 1942, the Times stated that many of the neighborhood&#39;s well known residents had moved elsewhere. In reporting on the neighborhood 50 years after its origin, the Times stated: "Although the time had passed, perhaps forever, when gold-leaf painted ceilings, brocade or tapestry walls shall be in vogue, the exquisite colors and quality of those imported materials will live as long as the memory of the vanishing Old World."</p><br>
<p>The Times would not mention St. James Park again for forty years; In 1984, it reported on a tour of early city homes for "First Century Families" and their descendants.</p><br>
<p>On September 27, 1991, the neighborhood of St. James Park was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, a developer "mis-led" the city in order to get a demolition permit for 2377 Scarff Street in St. James Park. The developer, who wanted to build condominiums, &#39;mis-led" the city by saying the property was damaged during the riots, therefore receiving a demolition permit under a streamlined process designed to hasten rebuilding. Despite being a contributing structure to the St. James Historic District, and having a historic marker on the property itself, the developer was allowed to begin demolishing the home without notifying the surrounding community. The city publicly acknowledged the mistake.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The St. James Park Historic District is roughly bounded by 21st and 23 Streets., Mount St. Mary&#39;s College, West Adams Boulevard and Union Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>Historic-Cultural Monuments</h2><br>
<p>When the neighborhood of St. James Park was added to the National Register of Historic Places, it was noted that the following Historic-Cultural Monuments were in the community:</p><br>
<p>(listed in order of HCM number)</p><br>
<p>Durfee Residence, 1007 W. 24th Street - Historic-Cultural Monument #273 (also listed on the National register)</p><br>
<p>Henry J. Reuman Residence, 925 W. 23rd Street - Historic-Cultural Monument #335</p><br>
<p>Seyler House, 2305 Scarff Street- Historic-Cultural Monument #407</p><br>
<p>Seaman-Foshay House, 2341 Scarff Street - Historic-Cultural Monument #408 (also listed on the National Register)</p><br>
<p>Burkhalter House, 2309 Scarff Street- Historic-Cultural Monument #409</p><br>
<p>Distributing Station No. 31, 1035 W. 24th Street- Historic-Cultural Monument #410</p><br>
<p>Stearns-Dockweiler Residence, 27 St. James Park - Historic-Cultural Monument #434</p><br>
<p>Margaret T. and Bettie Mead Creighton Residence, 2342 Scarff Street - Historic-Cultural Monument #455</p><br>
<p>Freeman G. Teed House, 2365 Scarff Street - Historic-Cultural Monument #457</p><br>
<p>Henry J. Foster Residence, 1030 W. 23rd Street - Historic-Cultural Monument #466</p><br>
<p>Chalet Apartments, 2375 Scarff Street - Historic-Cultural Monument #467</p><br>
<p>The Wendell Town Common Historic District encompasses the historic heart of the small town of Wendell, Massachusetts. Centered on a town common established in 1782, it includes a significant number of well preserved Greek Revival buildings. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The hill town of Wendell, located in eastern Franklin County, was settled in 1754 and incorporated in 1781. Its town center, roughly located at its geographic center, dates to the period of incorporation, when a meetinghouse (no longer standing) was built, and the town common and cemetery were laid out. The oldest surviving building, the Congregational parsonage, was built in 1823. The immediate area surrounding the center has remained rural into the 20th century, with the towns only industry at Wendell Depot and Farley to the north along the railroad. The towns population gradually decreased over much of the 19th century, leaving a town center with a significant number of Greek Revival buildings from the 1840s.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered on the town common, which is a rectangular plot of land, about 1 acre, bounded on the west by Lock&#39;s Village Road and Depot Road, and is roughly bisected by Morse Village Road. It is bounded on its north, east, and south by Center Road. The sides of the roads opposite the common are lined with institutional buildings and houses that are predominantly in the Greek Revival style and date to the first half of the 19th century. The only contributing 20th-century building is the Colonial Revival library, built 1921. The town hall, located in the district, is a Greek Revival building that was probably once a Baptist church built in 1845. There is one other church building, that of the Congregationalists; it was built in 1846. There is one school in the district; it is a typical 19th-century district schoolhouse, also built in 1846.</p><br>
<p>The West Whately Historic District is a historic district encompassing over 700 acre of western Whately, Massachusetts. The area, located in the foothills of The Berkshires above the Connecticut River, has a long agricultural history, but also experienced a surge of industrial activity in the 19th century, of which only fragments remain. The district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, is focused on the areas surrounding West Brook and the areas where there was once industrial activity. From the late 18th century into the early 20th, there were some 16 mill complexes in the area, of which only one still has a surviving structure. The principal elements that survive of this industrial past are foundations and evidence of water works such as dams and millraces. There are only two institutional buildings in the district: the West Whately Chapel, built in the Queen Anne style in 1896, and a schoolhouse that has since been converted to a residence.</p><br>
<p>The oldest documented mill privilege on West Brook was granted about 1765 to Edward Brown, who operated a sawmill with his sons. This mill site was active into the 1920s, and was probably one of the longest-lived industrial sites. Privileges granted in the 1780s include one that was initially used for an oil mill, and another that included both grist and saw mills. At the mid-19th century, the area was that of the largest non-agricultural employment in the town, and also had several shops. The water-powered industries suffered due to reduced waterflows after the Northampton Reservoir was built in 1901, and most of the buildings were gone by the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The Whately Center Historic District encompasses the historic rural village center of Whately, Massachusetts. Located in the hills west of the Connecticut River and north of Northampton, the district consists of a stretch of Chestnut Plain Road, the main north-south route through the village, and a short stretch of Haydenville Road, which is roughly at the center of the district. There are many fine homes from the Federal period, although they often have embellishments from later periods. Greek Revival architecture is also a major presence, with numerous houses, as well as the town&#39;s civic centerpieces, the town hall  and Second Congregational Church , showing that style. There are only a modest number of 20th century structures in the district bounds. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The area that is now Whately was Native American land until its purchase by English colonists from Hatfield in the late 17th century. Some farming took place then, but settlement was delayed by King Philips War (1675–78). A land division in 1684 included provision for what is now Chestnut Plain Road, but settlement remained slow, with many early homes surrounded by wooden palisades. The archaeological remains of one such palisaded homestead remain in Whately Center. The town was separately incorporated in 1771, the date the center cemetery and its surviving animal pound were established. Only one house, the c. 1760 Morton House at 207 Chestnut Plain Road, predates the towns incorporation.</p><br>
<p>The Whitaker-Clary House is a historic house in New Salem, Massachusetts, United States. It currently houses the museum of the Swift River Historical Society. Built about 1816, it is a fine local example of Federal period architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Whitaker-Clary House is located in the village of North New Salem, on the east side of Elm Street north of United States Route 202. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, two interior chimneys, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with sash windows arranged symmetrically around the center entrance. The entrance has a fine Federal period surround, with flanking pilasters and a half-round transom topped by a corniced entablature. The interior follows a central hall plan, and retains many fine finishes, including woodwork finished to resemble marble. A two-story ell extends to one side.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in about 1816 by William Whitaker, was a lawyer, shopkeeper, and member of the local militia during the War of 1812. This house served as his home and law office. It was purchased form the Whitakers by Mr and Mrs Edward Clary, and it remained in the Clary family until it was taken by the Massachusetts Metropolitan District Commission (MDC) because it was in the watershed of the nearby Quabbin Reservoir. It was slated for demolition, but the MDC later changed its mind, and instead gave the house to the historical society for $1 in 1961. The house now contains artifacts and memorabilia of the towns which were inundated by the creation of the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The Belchertown Center Historic District is a historic district which encompasses the historic village center of Belchertown, Massachusetts. Centered on Belchertown&#39;s 1,200 ft common, the district includes 55 contributing properties along South Main Street, Maple Street, and a few adjacent streets. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The centerpiece of the district is the Belchertown common. The common features a bandstand, built in the 19th century, a memorial to the town&#39;s Civil War fallen, a cannon and flagpole, and a small parking lot. It is lined with 24 wood frame and 3 brick houses. Most of these buildings date to the 18th and early 19th century, and exhibit Georgian and Federal styling.</p><br>
<p>Buildings arrayed on South Main Street were built mostly from the middle of the 19th century to its end. Most of them have Greek Revival styling, but this portion of the district contains the only notable examples of Queen Anne architecture, as well as the, designed by H.F. Kilburn. Along Maple Street most of the houses are also of the same period, although there are also some that date to early in the 20th century. Maple Street also features Belchertown&#39;s only stone house (home of the ) and its only Carpenter Gothic building, the 1886 Towne House.</p><br>
<p>The district includes both Belchertowns Old Town Hall (c. 1865, Greek Revival), and its "new" one, Lawrence Memorial Hall (1923, Gothic revival). There are three churches in the district: the Congregational Church (the towns oldest church, c. 1789–92), a Methodist church building moved from Springfield in 1872, and a Roman Catholic church (built as a second Congregational meeting house in 1836 after a schism).</p><br>
<p>The Bradstreet Historic District encompasses the rural 19th-century village of Bradstreet in Hatfield, Massachusetts. It is centered at the junction of Depot Road and Main Street, and includes properties lining those two streets and Old Farm Road. Most of the buildings in the area date to the second half of the 19th century, featuring architectural styles typical of the period, including Queen Anne, Second Empire, Italianate, and Colonial Revival. The village grew on land that was originally granted to colonial governor Simon Bradstreet and divided in 1682, and has remained largely agricultural since then. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Bradstreet village is located in northeastern Hatfield, occupying an area that is mostly within the floodplain of the Connecticut River just south of the border with Whately. Main Street and Depot Road are the principal roads in the area, the former roughly paralleling the river, and the latter extending west toward North Hatfield. Between Main Street and the river lie several farm access lanes, Old Farm Road and Bashin Road among then, that are mainly lined with agricultural buildings. A large number of these are barns for the curing of tobacco, a major crop in the region in the 19th and 20th centuries. Most of the built architecture of the area dates from the late 18th to early 20th century; the major exception is a 20th-century subdivision on Cronin Hill Road. The largest number of houses date to the mid-19th century, with a number of modestly styled examples of Greek Revival architecture. There are a few houses that are Italianate, and a larger set of Colonial Revival and Craftsman/Bungalow houses.</p><br>
<p>The Wilton Historic District is a historic district of single family residences in Los Angeles, California from the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The neighborhood is bounded by Ridgewood Place and South Wilton Drive on the west, South Wilton Place on the east, First Street on the north and Third Street on the south. The district includes the 100 and 200 blocks of S. Wilton Place and the 100 blocks of S. Wilton Drive and Ridgewood Place.</p><br>
<p>The Wilton Historic District contains 63 single family residences dating from 1907 to 1925. Two additional houses were built in the mid-1930s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The neighborhood was planned as an upper-middle-class, single-family residential area when Western Avenue was the city&#39;s western border. The 65 houses along Wilton Place and Wilton Drive include examples of Classical Revival, Colonial Revival and Craftsman architecture.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, the city announced plans to widen and straighten Wilton Place to improve the flow of traffic. Residents objected and asked the state to designate the area as historic. In 1979, the Wilton Historic District became the third area in the city to be placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Historic-cultural monuments</h2><br>
<p>103 S. Wilton Drive is Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #650.</p><br>
<p>132 S. Wilton Place is Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #649.</p><br>
<p>212 S. Wilton Place is Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #925.</p><br>
<p>215 S. Wilton Place is Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #568.</p><br>
<p>220 S. Wilton Place is Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #1005</p><br>
<p>245 S. Wilton Place is Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #1032</p><br>
<h2>Media</h2><br>
<p>On the television show Girlfriends, Joan lived in a home in the Wilton Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Lewis Stone, actor</p><br>
<p>The Bisbee Mill is a historic gristmill at 66 East Street in Chesterfield, Massachusetts. Located on the Dead Branch of the Westfield River, the mill complex includes a wood frame mill building, along with its former mill pond, impounded by a dam across the river, and a canal that brought river water to the mill for power. Also included on the property is the site of the Damon sawmill, which was established in 1761, and the Pierce cornmill, which occupied a site north of the Bisbee mill building in 1823. The Pierce mill was moved to the site, from an earlier one that may also be on the grounds of the Bisbee mill complex.</p><br>
<p>The Bisbee mill complex has an evolutionary history that begins with the establishment of the mill pond in 1823 by Elisha Bisbee. Neither the dam he built, nor an 1859 dam built to form a second mill pond, have survived. Bisbee also dug a canal to bring water to his new mill building; other canals would also have been dug for the other two mills, but traces of them have not yet been found, and their exact route is not known. The mill building on the site was used, modified, and added onto, by five generations of Bisbees, until it closed its doors in the 1960s. The property was acquired by the Chesterfield Historical Society, which has operated it since 1997 as the Bisbee Mill Museum.</p><br>
<p>The main mill building started in 1823 as a single -story gable-ended wood frame block measuring 30 ft by 24 ft. This was extended eastward in the 1850s with the addition of a second block, 20 ft by 24 ft. The two sections were joined by their end gables, although at slightly different elevations. Both sections were originally on fieldstone foundations; these have been replaced in part with modern concrete, and in part strengthened by the addition of concrete. A third section was added to the building between 1888 and 1829. Measuring 12 ft by 58 ft, this section had a shed roof, and was added to the south side of the main blocks. A fourth major addition was made in 1954, when another large section was added to the north side of the building.</p><br>
<p>Inside the building are the working portions of the mill. The water power it provided was delivered to the three levels of the mill by shafts, gears, and belts, and operated a number of different types of machinery. The major operations were as a gristmill, a woodworking mill, and a smithy. On the bottom level, the wheel pit, located in the original 1823 part of the building, houses a turbine wheel that dates to 1919. All levels of the mill have been adapted to showcase equipment that was used in the mill during its more than 100 year active lifetime.</p><br>
<p>The mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Building at 8–22 Graves Avenue is a historic rowhouse just outside the downtown area of Northampton, Massachusetts. The Queen Anne style brick rowhouse was built in 1887 for Doctor Silas R. Cooley. The property is unusual because brick was not then a common building material for housing in the Connecticut River valley, and because the rowhouse style of construction was also rare in the area. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Graves Street is a dead-end residential street that parallels Bridge Street (Massachusetts Route 9) off Market Street just northeast of downtown Northampton from which it is separate by a railroad right-of-way. Number 8-22 is located on the north side. It consists of a row of eight residential units constructed in rowhouse fashion out of red brick. The units are arranged in pairs that are mirror images, with windows set in segmented arch openings, projecting window bays on the ground floor, and entrances sheltered by gabled porches. Each unit has a gable peak above it, in which is a round window. At the rear, each pair of units shares a projecting service ell.</p><br>
<p>The rowhouses were built about 1887, during a major period of growth in the city. It was built on the former house lot of Elisha Graves, which was platted for subdivision in 1884, creating Graves Avenue. The first documented owner of the building was Silas Cooley, who became a major landowner in the region; this was one of his early acquisitions. Its early occupants were members of the city&#39;s growing working class, and included a photographer, milk contractor, and telegraph operator.</p><br>
<p>The Calvin Coolidge House is a historic house located at 19-21 Massasoit Street in Northampton, Massachusetts. Built in 1901, it is most historically significant as the home of the 30th president of the United States, Calvin Coolidge between 1906 and 1930, the height of his political career. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Calvin Coolidge House is located in a quiet residential area west of downtown Northampton, on the east side of Massasoit Street near its junction with Arlington Street. It is an architecturally undistinguished -story two-family wood-frame structure, with a hip roof and clapboarded exterior. Stylistically it is basically Colonial Revival, with projecting sections to the rear of each unit, and different porch treatments on each side. The Coolidge unit, on the left, has a gable-roofed porch supported by round columns, extending partly in front of a project polygonal bay window. The interior also has some Colonial Revival features, including a fireplace in the front parlor with flanking Doric pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1900–01 by J.W. OBrian, and its left side was rented in 1905 by Calvin Coolidge. The Coolidges occupied that unit until 1930. This period of occupancy coincides with Coolidges political rise from city council to Governor of Massachusetts, then Vice President and President. This property is one of the most unusual of those occupied by a US president on a long-term basis, in that he did not own it, and that it was a duplex. In 1930, Coolidge moved to "The Beeches" at 16 Hampton Terrace in Northampton, a move he said was necessitated by the increasing number of tourists coming to this address and the attendant lack of privacy.</p><br>
<p>Church Street Historic District is a historic district roughly on Church Street between Park Ave. and Highland St. in Ware, Massachusetts. This mainly residential area includes some of Ware&#39;s finest late 19th century houses and a well-preserved collection of Greek Revival houses. The area was developed primarily in response to the growth of industry to the south. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Ware was established in the mid-18th century, with its town center several miles to the west. The falls of the Ware River (south of this district) were an early site of industrial activity, but did not experience significant growth until the 19th century. Large-scale development of the falls for textile production began in 1821, and including the platting of streets that make up what is now the town&#39;s commercial center. Church Street was a major road leading north from this area, and its southern end was developed with churches and single-family residences. As a result, the southern end of this district has a variety of housing which is mainly Greek Revival in character, that was built before about 1850.</p><br>
<p>The upper stretch of Church Street remained largely agricultural until the 1880s, with four farmhouses surviving from that time. Ware&#39;s economic prosperity in the late 19th century prompted the construction of an array of fine Queen Anne Victorian houses, many of which include particularly well-preserved carriage houses. A number of Colonial Revival houses were added as infill construction in the early 20th century. The old Ware High School building was built in 1893, and Grenville Park was laid out in 1907 based on the design principles of Frederick Law Olmsted. The park is, at 99 acre, the largest component of the district, extend to and across the Ware River.</p><br>
<p>The Cushman Village Historic District is a historic district encompassing a portion of the Cushman Village area of Amherst, Massachusetts, which was a significant mill village during the 19th century. It is centered on the triangle formed by Bridge, Henry, and Pine Streets in northeastern Amherst, and arose because of the presence of falls on the Mill River, whose water power was harnessed for mills as early as the mid-18th century. Two houses survive from the colonial period. The village, although it was defined for many years by the  mills, no longer has any industrial buildings, as they were demolished or destroyed by fire. Most of the houses in the district were built before 1860, the peak of the village&#39;s industrial activity. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Cushman Village is located in northeastern Amherst, in an area where the plains of the Connecticut River to the west give way to hillier terrain. The Mill River runs roughly westward in this area to the north of the village, before turning south and eventually emptying into the Connecticut. In 1738 Nathaniel Kellogg was granted water rights to establish a grist mill on the Mill River&#39;s "great falls&quot in 1746 he added a lumber mill further downstream. By the late 18th century there were at least six mills of various types operating on the river, and there were clusters of mill-related worker housing nearby. The oldest surviving house was built sometime before 1759, and now stands at 24 Leverett Road.</p><br>
<p>Small textile mills were built on the river in the first half of the 19th century, but most were either destroyed by fire, or were replaced by later construction. The arrival of the railroad and the establishment of a depot (no longer extant), helped give a center to the growing village. Between about 1835 and 1930 mills established by the Cushman brothers came to dominate the local economic landscape. It was during the mid-19th century that most of the villages housing stock was built. Although not always built by the mill owners, the Cushmans owned a great deal of the local housing stock by the 1870s. Much of it was in relatively conservative architectural styles, with a large amount of Greek Revival construction persisting into the 1880s, even while modest versions of Italianate, Second Empire, and Queen Anne Victorians were also being built. The house at 131 Bridge Street is a mill owners residence, and is one of the village&#39;s more elaborate expressions of the Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>The Dickinson Historic District is a historic district in Amherst, Massachusetts. Its centerpiece is the Emily Dickinson Home, a National Historic Landmark. The district boundaries encompass Main and Lessey Streets, east of Amherst center, from their junction eastward to Gray Street and the Amherst railroad station, which marks the eastern end of the district. In addition to a number of properties on Main and Lessey Streets, the district also includes Sweetser Park and contributing properties on Tyler Place as well as Triangle, Gray and Kellogg Streets. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It was designated because of its architecture, and its connection with the locally influential Dickinson family, who  were a locally influential family with roots dating back to early colonial times.</p><br>
<p>The Emily Dickinson House, built in 1813, is the oldest house within the district, with prominence beyond its association with the poet. Her grandfather Samuel, who built the house, was a founder of Amherst College, and a prominent local politician, as was her father Edward. Her brother William Austin Dickinson was also active in the political and economic life of Amherst, helping found its water and gas companies. Leonard Hills, who lived in two separate houses in the district, ran a distinctive business that manufactured hats out of palm leaves, and was a key figure in the founding of Massachusetts Agricultural College (now the University of Massachusetts at Amherst). The district also includes Amherst&#39;s Gothic First Congregational Church (1867), and the brick Italianate Central Vermont Railroad depot (1853), one of the oldest surviving railroad stations in the state.</p><br>
<p>Fort Hill Historic District is a historic district roughly on South Street between Lyman to Monroe in Northampton, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>Fort Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 7, 1989. Fort Hill is a collection of well-preserved houses from the 18th and early 19th centuries. The 2.2 acre district consists of 5 properties on the east side of South Street and one on the west side:</p><br>
<p>The Preserved Bartlett House, 124 South Street (1792)</p><br>
<p>The Theodore Bartlett House, 130 South Street (c. 1830)</p><br>
<p>The Eleazer Strong House, 133 South Street (c. 1797)</p><br>
<p>The Col. Elisha Strong Homestead, 134 South Street (c. 1800)</p><br>
<p>The Graves-Parsons House, 144 South Street (c. 1830)</p><br>
<p>The Capt. Roger Clapp House, 148 South Street (DAR Headquarters, 1753)</p><br>
<p>All six buildings are wood-frame structures, stories in height, with clapboard siding. Five of them have side gable roofs and are five bays wide; the Theodore Bartlett House is a Greek Revival house with a front-facing gable and a three-bay front facade. Three of the houses are basically Georgian colonial in character, the Roger Clapp House being the oldest of these (built c. 1753). Two are Greek Revival, and one, the Eleazer Strong House (built 1797), is one of the city&#39;s oldest Federal style houses.</p><br>
<p>In addition to their age and architectural significance, all six buildings are notable for their association with the families of some of its earliest settlers. Preserved Clapp was one of Northampton&#39;s first settlers, and it was his son Roger who built the Clapp House that now stands. The two Strong houses were built by sons of Elder John Strong, another prominent early arrival, and the two Bartlett houses were built by descendants of Robert Bartlett, a town selectman between 1657 and 1663.</p><br>
<p>The Elm Street Historic District is a rural historic district in southern Hatfield, Massachusetts. It encompasses a landscape that has seen agricultural use since 17th century colonial days, including fields now used for tobacco farming, and historic properties located along five roads: Elm Street, Scotland Road, Sunset Road, Brook Hollow Road, and Little Neponset Road. The district is bounded on its south by the Connecticut River, on its east and north by the Mill River, with a small portion of land border in the northeast which cuts off a large meander in the river. This section, near the junction of Elm and Prospect Streets, is also where this district abuts the Mill-Prospect Street Historic District, which runs north along Prospect Street, and its eastern boundary abuts the Hatfield Center Historic District. Its western boundary is roughly a north-south line in the area of the junction of Elm and Dwight Streets.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings in the district are either residential or agricultural in nature, and the district includes the agricultural fields lying south of Elm Street, as well as important agricultural buildings such as tobacco drying barns. The houses in the district stylistically represent the long history of the period, and most home construction in the area had ended by the 1940s. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Hatfield was settled in the mid-17th century, and was incorporated as a town in 1670. The Elm Street area was originally common agricultural land, with land along Elm Street formally platted for residential development in 1683. Growth was generally slow, with a significant uptick in new construction after American independence in the late 19th century. Unlike the more prosperous town center, the Elm Street area saw the construction of utilitarian agricultural worker housing. It also saw the growth of some small cottage industries, such as broom-making which were also found in other parts of the town. Tobacco was a major and highly successful crop in the area, resulting in the construction of many tobacco barns. A trolley line built in 1900 on Elm Street to Northampton spurred additional development in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The East Village Historic District is a historic district encompassing the center of the East Village of Amherst, Massachusetts, United States. It includes properties on Main Street, North East Street, and South East Street. The village was one of Amherst&#39;s principal civic and commercial centers until the arrival of the railroad in Amherst Center in 1853, and remained a primarily residential area thereafter. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Amherst was settled in the early 18th century and incorporated out of Hadley in 1759. Its first meeting house was built near what is now Amherst Center, but a second parish was established at East Village in 1783. East Village benefited economically from industry on the Fort River, just to the east of the village center, and flourished in the first half of the 19th century, with a number of cottage industries operating in it or nearby. Amherst Center benefited from the founding of Amherst College in 1821, and by the arrival of the railroad in 1853, which led to its subsequent economic dominance. Growth slowed significantly, with only a few residential buildings and a new school added in the later decades of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The district is a roughly cruciform shape, centered at the junction of Main and East Streets, from which a narrow strip-like green extends southward. It includes 49 buildings, including some of Amherst&#39;s oldest surviving structures. Four buildings, three houses and a tavern, date to the 18th century, while there are more numerous examples of Greek Revival and Federal architecture from the first half of the 19th century. Among the buildings in the district are the Second Congregational Church (a Greek Revival structure built in 1839), the Conkey-Stevens House (separately listed on the National Register in 1979), and the Daniel Kellogg House, built in 1758.</p><br>
<p>The Dorsey–Jones House is a historic house located at 191 Nonotuck Street in the Florence area of Northampton, Massachusetts. Built in 1849, it is known to have been owned by two former slaves with well-documented escape histories. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Dorsey–Jones House is located south of the village center of Florence, on the north side of Nonotuck Street a short way east of Maple Street. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. It follows a plan known as "upright and wing", a common building plan of the period that was often used for millworker housing in the area. It is an L-shaped structure with a prominent front-facing gable end. The main entrance is in the rightmost of three bays on this section. A single-story ell extends to the right of this section, with an open porch across its front.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1849 for Basil Dorsey, an African American who escaped slavery in 1836 with abolitionist help. The lot on which it was built was purchased from the Bensonville Manufacturing Company, the silkmaking business of abolitionist George Benson. The Dorsey family lived in the house until 1852, when it moved to another Florence house. This house was purchased in 1854 by Mary Jones, the wife of Thomas H. Jones, another escaped slave and antislavery activist. An itinerant preacher, Jones was rarely present, and the family moved from Florence to Worcester in 1859. The escapes from slavery by both Dorsey and Jones are well-documented in contemporary papers of abolitionists and Underground Railroad operatives.</p><br>
<p>Ringville Cemetery is a historic cemetery on Witt Hill Road in the hamlet of Ringville, part of Worthington, Massachusetts. The roughly 3 acre cemetery was established in 1866, when the town purchased 0.75 acre from Ethan Ring. The cemetery was quickly expanded over the next twenty years, reaching a size of 2 acre. In the 1970s the town purchased an additional acre, giving the cemetery its present size. Ringville, the village in which it lies, was in the 19th century the industrial heart of Worthington, supporting a number of mills.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery lies on a rise above and south of Witt Hill Road, about 0.25 mi from Massachusetts Route 112. A stone retaining wall lines the front of the cemetery. It is topped by large quarried granite stones, with two vehicular entrances, and two locations where steps are formed in the wall to provide access to the cemetery grounds. The main stair, in the center of the wall, was given a decorative iron gate c. 1900.</p><br>
<p>Despite the 1866 establishment of the cemetery, its earliest grave markers have dates from the 1810s. These graves were supposedly moved here from the Ireland Street Cemetery in neighboring Chesterfield; there is evidence of family connections between the two areas. Its most prominent marker is the Blair Vault, located in the northwestern corner, near the front wall. This brick and granite structure bears the inscription "Presented by Clara D. Blair in memory of her husband David Blair." The cemetery is in active use by the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Woodbridge Street Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district in South Hadley, Massachusetts, United States. It extends from the junction of Woodbridge Street and Silver Street north roughly to Woodbridge Terrace. This area was one of the first to be settled in South Hadley, and includes its oldest buildings, which date to the 1720s. It also has the community&#39;s highest concentration of high-quality 18th-century residential architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The area that is now South Hadley was originally common land held by the citizens of Hadley. This status ended with a division of land among the taxpayers in 1720, with settlement following soon afterward. Woodbridge Street was then the principal road between Hadley and Amherst, and was where a number of new homes were erected in the following years. One of the district&#39;s oldest surviving structures, now the rear ell of 82 Woodbridge Street, was built by Joseph White in 1727. The area remained agricultural into the 20th century, and benefited from the early preservation efforts of philanthropist Joseph Allen Skinner, who funded the restoration of a number of its houses in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The district includes properties from 25 through 82 Woodbridge Street, and at 3 and 7 Silver Street. The majority of buildings in the district are houses that were built in the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the more notable properties is the Skinner Museum of nearby Mount Holyoke College, which is located in the former Prescott, Massachusetts congregational church. The 19th century Greek Revival church was relocated here Joseph Skinner in the 1930s when the construction of the Quabbin Reservoir necessitated the unincorporation of the small town.</p><br>
<p>The Williamsburg Center Historic District is a historic district on Massachusetts Route 9 in Williamsburg, Massachusetts. It encompasses the traditional center of the town, which was settled in the 18th century and grew to prosperity in the mid-19th century. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Williamsburg Center Historic District is roughly centered where Main Street (MA 9) crosses the Mill River, with a number of local arterial roads radiating away on either side of the river. It extends from Village Hill Avenue in the north to Mill Street in the south, and includes portions of Mill Street, East Main Street, Williams Street, and Buttonshop Road. Buildings in the district include the Meekins Library, a Classical Revival building designed in 1897 by Putnam and Bayley, the former Hampshire Hotel building, built c. 1800 (which also was owned by the local chapter of the Women&#39;s Christian Temperance Union), the 1841 former town hall (now home to the local historical society museum), and the 1835 Greek Revival First Congregational Church.</p><br>
<p>The area now known as Williamsburg was originally partitioned as part of land grants from towns near the Connecticut River in the 17th century, and it was incorporated in 1771 after permanent settlement began in the 1730s. The Mill River was an early site of industrial activity, and the crossing of Main Street was an important local feature, with a stagecoach stop. Early industrial activity in the village included the manufacture of button molds (1826), furniture, and clocks (1830). Waterpowered mills drove the local economy into the 1920s, despite an 1874 flood which destroyed many of the village&#39;s buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Westside Historic District is a residential historic district that encompasses an early, historically African-American neighborhood in the town of Amherst, Massachusetts. It includes properties on Baker and Snell Streets, Hazel Avenue, and Northampton Road . Most of the properties in the district are houses, many of which were built in a variety of Victorian styles, with houses built later also showing Colonial Revival styling. The oldest houses, on Baker Street, date from 1869 into the 1870s, while those along Route 9 were for the most part built later, and exhibit a wider variety of styles, including some Bungalow/Craftsman houses. The fields that surround the neighborhood and set it off from the surrounding area are also included in the district, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>African Americans, both enslaved and free, are known to have been resident in Amherst since the 18th century, although exactly where they lived is not known. The area around Baker and Snell Streets and Hazel Avenue is one of the oldest known, with documented African-American residency in the 1860s. The Baker Street houses are examples of modest Victorian styling, although some have had modern siding applied. The house at 21 Hazel Street is the district&#39;s only example of an American Foursquare, with a hip roof. Most of the residents of this area were engaged in relatively low-skilled or low-wage occupations, including letter carrier, maid, janitor, and farmhand.</p><br>
<p>The West Hatfield Historic District encompasses the historic rural village center of West Hatfield, Massachusetts. It is centered on the junction of West Street  with Linseed Road and Church Avenue, and developed in the 19th century as a railroad-driven agricultural transportation center, populated mainly by immigrants. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>West Hatfield is located at the edge of Hatfields western rural uplands, known locally as The Rocks, and is isolated from the towns other population centers by the intervention of Interstate 91. It is a cluster of buildings scattered primarily along Route 5; Church Avenue, which used to be a route to the eastern parts of town, was cut off by the construction of the highway, and also has several houses of historical interest. The oldest properties in the district date to the 1830s, but most of the village&#39;s 23 contributing structures date to the early decades of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The village did not begin to take shape until the railroad was built through the area (and away from Hatfields other population centers) in the 1840s. It became one of the main depots through which the towns agricultural products (tobacco in particular) made their way to market, and developed as a bustling village centered around the station. The area was settled by several waves of immigrants, all mainly engaged in agriculture, from central and eastern Europe. In the early 20th century, the village also acquired the trappings of early roadside commerce, of which a few examples still survive.</p><br>
<p>Ware Town Hall is a historic town hall at Main and West Streets in Ware, Massachusetts. It was built in 1885 to a design by the architectural firm of Hartwell and Richardson, and is a prominent local example of Romanesque Revival architecture. The building, enlarged in 1904 and 1935 with stylistically sensitive additions, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Ware Town Hall is located in the town center, at the southeast corner of Main (Massachusetts Route 9) Street and West Street. it is a roughly square shape, built out of red brick trimmed with red sandstone, with a tall hip roof and tower on one flank. The tower is square, rising to a pyramidal roof. At the center of the Main Street facade is a large round-arch opening, in which the main entrance is recessed. A secondary entrance is found on the lower level of the west side, facing West Street, under a projecting gabled canopy. Windows on the side are set in round-arch openings. The main floor of the building houses an auditorium and theater facilities, and the town offices are located in the basement.</p><br>
<p>In the towns early days, its town meetings were held in the meeting house located at Ware Center, the towns geographic and early civic center. The present center arose around a manufacturing village that grew in the early 19th century. The first town hall was built in 1847, and burned in 1860. Until construction of this building was completed in 1886, town meetings were held in the Music Hall on Bank Street. This building was designed by Hartwell & Richardson, a Boston firm noted for its designs carrying the Richardsonian Romanesque influence. That firm also designed a 1904 enlargement, necessitated in part of state fire regulations concerning the number of exits in performance venues (which the main auditorium was used for). It was again enlarged in 1935, in another stylistically sensitive design by local architect Thomas Madigan.</p><br>
<p>The Ware Millyard Historic District encompasses a 19th-century mill complex and industrial mill village in the town of Ware, Massachusetts. It is roughly bounded by South Street, the Ware River, Upper Dam Complex, Park Street, Otis Avenue and Church Street. The area includes surviving mill buildings, the oldest of which date to the 1840s, and a collection of tenement-style housing built for the millworkers, built between 1845 and the 1880s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ware Millyard area first saw industrial use in the 18th century, when Jabez Olmsted established a sawmill at the falls of the Ware River. Capitalizing on the innovations in textile manufacturing that led to the establishment of Lowell, Massachusetts, investors in 1821 purchased mill privileges at the falls, and incorporated the Ware Manufacturing Company in 1823. The company platted out the area, with the mills along the river, and a dam and holding pond upriver. Housing for workers was planned for a street grid lying roughly north of the mill complex. Elements of this plan are still visible in the architecture of the mill complex, street plan, and the residential buildings on the streets. Although elements of the water power infrastructure date to this period, only one building, the company office, survives from this period. All of the major mill buildings date to later in the 19th century. The mill was the region&#39;s largest employer for nearly a century.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Ware Center Historic District encompasses the historic early center of Ware, Massachusetts. Centered at the junction of Massachusetts Route 9 with Greenwich Plains Road, it is a linear district extending about 0.5 mi along Route 9 in either direction. Most of the structures in the district were built between 1760 and 1860, although there are some 20th century intrusions. The area was the center of town civic and commercial activity until the 1820s, when villages serving industry became more important. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Ware was settled in the 1717 and incorporated in 1775. Its town center was laid out in 1760, on land belonging to one of its early large landowners. The first colonial meeting house was built in that year, near the geographic center of the town, and the road network developed around access to this area from the corners of the town. It had services typical of a town center, including a tavern and blacksmithy, but other industrial activity was modest, and was eclipsed in the 19th century by the industrialization of Factory Village, where the modern town center is located. The village retained much of its early Georgian and Federal character in part because the economic focus in the town moved with the advent of industrialization elsewhere in the town during the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The district is basically linear, with the First Congregational Church near its center. That church was built in 1799, near the site of the 1760 meeting house. The only other non-residential building in the district is a former district school built in 1872. The oldest building in the district is a farmhouse located at the corner of Walker and Doane RD, 42 Doane rd, this expansive single-family house was built in 1732. There is a building in the district, built in 1759 known as the Ezra Thayer House, a well-preserved Georgian house that was built for the town&#39;s first settled minister. It is one of four houses in the village built for ministers. There is one house, built about 1780 and subsequently enlarged, that served as a tavern for many years.</p><br>
<p>The William and Mary Palmer House is a house in Ann Arbor, Michigan, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1952. The home was designed for William Palmer, an economics professor at the University of Michigan, and his wife Mary. It sits on three lots at the end of a quiet, dirt road cul-de-sac. The location is near the Nichols Arboretum, and less than a mile  from the university.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Palmer was born in Imlay City, Michigan, and studied economics at the University of Michigan; in 1930 he became a professor at the school. Mary Warton Shuford was born in North Carolina and enrolled in the University of Michigan&#39;s School of Music in 1935. She graduated in 1937 and married William Palmer. The couple purchased this property in 1949 and began seeking an architect to build their home. After seeing the Affleck house in Bloomfield Hills, they contacted Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright designed the house in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The house was continuously owned by the Palmer family from 1951 to 2009. It was placed on the market in early August 2008, with restrictions in place. Jeffrey and Kathryn Schox purchased the house in March 2009. Jeffrey Schox, who is a San Francisco patent attorney, spends several weeks a year in Ann Arbor. When he is not in Ann Arbor, the Palmer House will be available for rent as a guest house and as a meeting location.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Palmer house is a 2,000 square-foot Usonian home. It is located in a hillside and constructed of red cypress and brick. The house has a triangular geometry, with no right angles in the structure.</p><br>
<p>A small garden house to the rear contains a collection of Wright-designed furniture.</p><br>
<p>The South Worthington Historic District is a historic district encompassing the formerly industrial, but now rural, village of South Worthington, Massachusetts. The village is centered on the junction of Huntington Road , Ireland Street, and Thrasher Hill Road. The district extends along Ireland Road as far as Conwell Road, and one contributing element, the dam which impounds Little Galilee Pond, extends into neighboring Chesterfield. The area had a number of small mills along the banks of the Little River, a tributary of the Westfield River, but only one complex, the Theron Higgins Mill on South Worthington Road, has survived from the 19th century. Most of the buildings in the district are residences dating to the 19th century; also included are three churches, including the particularly elegant Greek Revival South Worthington Methodist Church . The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The South Worthington area first developed as a modest agricultural area in the 1760s. A falls in the Little River proved a good location for a sawmill, which was standing by 1794, and followed by a grist mill in 1812. The village flourished as a service center for the local farmers, and additional mills survived for a time in the 19th century, one of which was used to manufacture window blinds. The first church was built in 1828; the building, which still stands, was later used as a general store and as a school, after the present Greek Revival church was built. The village also achieved some notice as the birthplace and summer home of Russell Conwell (1843-1925), a famous Baptist minister and writer who founded Temple University. Conwells summer stays in the house of his youth brought visitors to the community. Conwells association with the village is commemorated by boulder with a plaque mounted on it near that house, 42 Conwell Road.</p><br>
<p>The Smith Alumnae Gymnasium is a historic former athletic facility on the Smith College campus in Northampton, Massachusetts. Located facing Burton Lawn, it was built in 1890 as a fine addition to the adjacent Gothic style buildings. The building now houses the colleges archives, and was connected by the adjacent Neilson Library by a bridge in 1982. It is the first place in which a formal womens basketball game was played, in 1892, and is one of the first American athletic facilities built specifically for women. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Smith Alumnae Gymnasium is located in the central part of the Smith College Campus, immediately south of Neilson Library and north of Green Street. It faces the college&#39;s Burton Lawn, along with other buildings of the campus that were designed by Peabody & Stearns. It is built out of red brick with brownstone trim, with Late Gothic style that complements the surrounding buildings. Its main roofline is steeply pitched and hipped, with a small square cupola with flared roof at the center. From the main roof, a series of gabled and hip-roofed sections project, as do several smaller hip-roofed dormers. Most windows are rectangulas sash, but there are round-arch windows which illuminate the projecting stairwells.</p><br>
<p>The gymnasium was built in 1890 to a design by William C. Brocklesby of Hartford, Connecticut. It replaced an older wood-frame structure that was part of the original Peabody & Stearns plan for the campus, and was built in 1879. Brocklesby is credited with the design of nine buildings on the Smith campus. It was here that Senda Berenson Abbott, the colleges directory of physical education, adapted the then-new game of basketball for women, and where the first formal womens basketball game was played.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s, the school first planned to demolish the building as part of a planned expansion of Neilson Library. This was protested by the campus community, and was eventually replaced by a proposal to move the building 200 ft to make way for the expansion. In 1982, the building underwent renovation, and was connected to the library via a bridge.</p><br>
<p>Our Mother of Sorrows Monastery and Retreat Center is an historic Passionist monastery at 110 Monastery Avenue in West Springfield, Massachusetts. The Spanish Colonial Revival building on the campus  is the only structure of its type in the city, was the first monastery established in western Massachusetts. It was enlarged in 1955, and served as a Roman Catholic monastery, retreat, and outreach center until 1993. It has since been converted into a senior living facility, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Our Mother of Sorrows Monastery and Retreat Center is located in a residential area north of downtown West Springfield, on more than 18 acre of landscaped grounds on the north side of Monastery Street. The main building is a large five-section masonry structure with Spanish Colonial Revival styling. It has a steel frame, and its exterior is finished in brick and ashlar granite. First-floor window and door openings generally have rounded arches, while upper-floor windows are sash set in rectangular openings. It is covered by a red tile hip roof. Three of the five wings have more elaborate styling; these are the oldest section of the building, while the left wings, which give the building a general C shape, were added in 1955.</p><br>
<p>The Passionist Order is a Roman Catholic fraternity founded in 1720 in what is now Italy. By the early 19th century, it had spread to English-speaking countries, and by 1852 it had reached the United States. The Catholic population of Massachusetts, small in the early 19th century, grew substantially due to immigration from Ireland and Quebec. The first Passionist monastery was established in Boston, and in 1922 members of the order proposed establishing one in western Massachusetts. This property was built in 1923 to a design by John T. Comes of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who had designed a retreat for the Passionists there. The building is the largest example of Spanish colonial architecture in the region.</p><br>
<p>The monastery performed three principal functions during its period of operation (1923-1993). It provided a place for the contemplative life of order members, who followed rigidly prescribed patterns of life focused on work and prayer. It provided a retreat space for priests engaged in outreach throughout the region, and as a training ground for future priests and monks. In its later years it expanded to offer weekend retreats to lay people as well. The monastery operated as a nearly self-sufficient entity, raising most of its own food on garden plots on the grounds, and also housed a small infirmary where sick members not requiring hospitalization could be treated.</p><br>
<p>The popularity of its retreat offerings declined in the second half of the 20th century, and the monastery population also began to shrink and age. In 1990, the facility opened its doors as an elder housing facility operated by the order, but was then shut down in 1993, its religious functions dispersed to other locations. The building subsequently underwent a certified historic rehabilitation, and now functions as an assisted living facility.</p><br>
<p>Grove Hill Mansion is an historic mansion at Florence Street and Front Street in Northampton, Massachusetts. The mansion was built in 1880 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The large brick residence at the top of Grove Hill in the village of Leeds, Massachusetts (part of Northampton) was built in 1880 for Lucius Dimock, the director of the Nonotuck Silk Company. Not coincidentally, it bears a striking resemblance to the company&#39;s factory (now Leeds Village apartments), designed in 1879 by architect Eugene C. Gardner. Gardner, a resident of Ashfield, began his architectural practice in Florence at the age of 22. It is assumed he was a student of the prolific Northampton architect W.F. Pratt. Following the Civil War, Gardner moved to Springfield and maintained a practice there until 1911.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the Dimock mansion reveals the influence of Charles Locke Eastlake, author of Hints on Household Taste published in 1872. Eastlake emphasized superb craftsmanship and the use of cherry and oak woods which remain unpainted to reveal their natural grain. "The Eastlake staircase, structural ceiling treatments, wainscots, parquet floors, doors with intricate inlays, and a chapel in the attic offer the most spectacular domestic interior to be seen in our area," wrote Karl S. Putnam in 1954. Mr. Putnam, who was the dean of Northampton architects for many years, described Grove Hill in glowing terms in the Northampton Tercentenary History Book.</p><br>
<p>The Lucius Dimock home was built on the site of the Benjamin North homestead which was moved 100 yards to the north in 1879. The Grove Hill estate included a large fruit orchard, a greenhouse, and stables for several beautiful driving horses and carriages. A large barn housed Dimock&#39;s herd of cows. On the southern boundary was a high English-style stone wall.</p><br>
<p>Grove Hill was purchased in the 1970s by Samuel Goldman who lived there for several years. In the 1990s, the interior was subdivided into several condominiums. The tower, which is a prominent element on the exterior of the house, remains intact along with the wood bracketed shed roofs. The tower was renovated in 1999, turning the rooftop gazebo into an interior room. The mansion continues to reveal E.C. Gardner&#39;s original design.</p><br>
<p>The Miss Florence Diner is a historic diner at 99 Main Street in the Florence section of Northampton, Massachusetts. It was manufactured in 1941 by the Worcester Lunch Car Company and is one of four diners in the city. At the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999, it had been owned by the same family since its construction.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Miss Florence Diner is located in the center of the village of Florence, about 2 mi west of downtown Northampton. It sits on the north side of Main Street, just east of its junction with Maple Street. It has an L-shaped configuration, with barreled roofs in both directions, topped by a parapet on which the name of the diner appears in Moderne lettering. Mounted at the corner of the L is a distinctive chevron-shaped sign that bears its name. The exterior is finished mainly in enamel paneling, and the interior is finished in wood, tile, and enamel. The main entrance is now via a brick vestibule, which has a barrel-style shingled roof that extends over the side-facing steps. The diner is attached at the rear to a house that has been converted into a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The Miss Florence was opened in 1941 by Maurice Alexander and his wife, Pauline Florence (Matusewicz) Alexander. Originally located across the street in a different diner, it moved into what is now the core of the present structure later that year. That diner was manufactured by the Worcester Lunch Car Company, which also executed the enlargements to give it the L shape in 1949. These alterations included adding another bay on the left, and four (in a configuration perpendicular to the main diner body) on the right. The Alexanders lived in the house behind the diner, which they converted into a separate restaurant in 1959, joining the two together.</p><br>
<p>The Walker-Collis House is a historic house at 1 Stadler Street in Belchertown, Massachusetts. Originally located facing the Belchertown Common, this 1880 Victorian, one of the most architecturally exuberant buildings in the town, was moved to its present location in 1976. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Walker-Collis House occupies a prominent location in the town center of Belchertown, at the southeast corner of Stadler Street at United States Route 202. It is a rambling -story wood-frame structure, roughly rectangular in plan, with a roof that is a hybrid style between mansard and gambrel roofs. The second story face is angled in the mansard style, but finished with wooden shingling, while the steeper top portion of the roof is finished in asphalt shingles. Exterior finishes include liberally applied Stick style elements, and interior finishes are lavish.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1880 by Myron Walker (1846-1911), a state senator who had spent significant time in New York and California. Walker had made a fortune during his travels, and reportedly spent $30,000 to build the lavish mansion; the gas heating plant in the building was also said to be used for heating of the bandstand on the common, and to provide gas street lighting in the area. Walker&#39;s fortune fell after his 1889 divorce, and the property was inherited by his nephew. It was then owned for much of the 20th century by the Collis family. Threatened with demolition, it was moved to its present site in 1976 and rehabilitated.</p><br>
<p>The US Post Office—Easthampton Main is a historic post office building at 19 Union Street in Easthampton, Massachusetts. Built in 1933, this Classical Revival building is one of the town center&#39;s most architecturally sophisticated buildings. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is currently being used as a senior center.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Easthampton Post Office building is located in Easthampton&#39;s town center, at the southeast corner of Union and High Streets. It is a single-story masonry structure, built of red brick with limestone trim. The main entrance is at the center of the Union Street facade, sheltered by a four-column Corinthian portico with entablature and fully pedimented gable. The entrance has an elaborate limestone surround, with modern glass-and-aluminum doors. Windows are set in rectangular openings with keystoned lintels. The interior lobby space retains original finishes, including marble flooring and service windows with metal grillwork.</p><br>
<p>The Neo-Classical single story building was built in 1933 for a cost (of land and construction) of about $75,000. The supervising architect was Louis A. Simon.</p><br>
<p>The building design resembles the work of Knox Taylor, who designed a number of post offices earlier in the 20th century. It was one of 180 post offices built in 1933 by the federal government under a jobs relief program during the Great Depression.</p><br>
<p>The US Post Office—South Hadley Main is a historic post office at 1 Hadley Street in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Built in 1940 as part of a federal government jobs program, it is a prominent local example of simplified Classical Revival architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The South Hadley Post Office occupies a prominent position at the north end of its central town green, which is just to its south across Hadley Street. It is a single-story masonry structure, built out of red brick with limestone trim, and covered by a flat roof. Its facade is relatively plain, fronted by a series of limestone columns and topped by a limestone entablature, which extends around the top of the building. The walls are predominantly brick, laid on a granite foundation, with granite steps leading to the main entrance. Despite modernization in the 1960s the interior has maintained some of its original features, including marble wainscoting and some woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The post office was built in 1940 to a design by Leon Pernice, an architect based in West Springfield. It was built at a time when the federal government was emphasizing simplified styles whose designs could be approved and executed rapidly, providing jobs to the community. The building underwent a substantial remodelling and enlargement in 1968, when a large ell was added to its rear, and glass-and-aluminum partitions and fluorescent lighting were added to its lobby area.</p><br>
<p>The Strong House is a historic house at 67 Amity Street in Amherst, Massachusetts. Built about 1744, it is one of Amherst&#39;s oldest surviving houses, and a fine example of mid-18th century Connecticut River Valley architecture. It was given to the Amherst Historical Society in 1916. It currently houses the Amherst History Museum. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984,</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Strong House is located just west of the commercial center of Amherst, set well back from the north side of Amity Street at Prospect Street. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gambrel roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance sheltered by a gabled portico. The first-floor windows are capped by projecting cornices, and the steep roof face is pierced by two gabled dormers. Although it was first built about 1744, much of its present appearance dates to late 18th-century alterations.</p><br>
<p>It was built about 1744 by Nehemiah Strong, only six years after formal settlement of Amherst began. Originally a -story saltbox in configuration, it was enlarged by Strong&#39;s son Simeon in the 1790s, when the gambrel roof and front portico were added. Simeon Strong was a prominent local lawyer, who served in a number of town posts and also represented it in the state legislature before being appointed to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. His son and grandson, who continued ownership of the property, were also prominent in local fairs. The house was sold out of the family in 1845 and has served as a museum since its acquisition by the historical society in 1916.</p><br>
<p>Security Trust and Savings, also known as Security Trust, Security Pacific Bank, Security Bank Building, and Cahuenga Building, is a historic seven-story office building on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Cahuenga Boulevard in Hollywood, California. It is notable for its architecture, its history with Hollywood, and its association with fictional detective Phillip Marlowe.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Security Trust and Savings was built in 1921 and upon opening was the tallest building in Hollywood. It features Italian Renaissance revival architecture and was designed by John and Donald Parkinson, who also designed some of the Los Angeles&#39;s most notable landmarks, including Union Station and the Memorial Coliseum.</p><br>
<p>Originally the Hollywood branch of the six-location Security Trust and Savings Bank, this location was considered "a power center of the entertainment industry", with clients that included Charlie Chaplin, the Three Stooges, Lana Turner, W.C. Fields, Cecil B. DeMille, Howard Hughes, and more.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the building was included in the National Register of Historic Places, and in 1984, the Hollywood Boulevard Commercial and Entertainment District was added to the register, with Security Trust listed as a contributing property in the district.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, Hollywood&#39;s Economic Development Committee received two proposals to convert the building into a hotel, and in 2020, the building was bought for $53 million by Onni Group, who plan to preserve it while redeveloping an adjoining property.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and design</h2><br>
<p>Security Trust and Savings is a steel reinforced masonry office building that features an Italian Renaissance Revival design. The building features vertical massing with a grey terra cotta exterior, additional terra cotta ornamentation, and a dark marble band that anchors the building to the street.</p><br>
<p>The street level facade features slightly recessed and outsized windows between wide pilasters, and recessed entryways highlighted by fluted columns. The Cahuenga entrance also features an ornately decorated cornice with medallions and garlands supported by brackets, while the Hollywood Boulevard entrance was stripped of its cornice to accommodate a sign. An ornamental stringcourse separates the street level from the office floors above, with the office floors featuring pairs of slightly recessed vertically banded windows separated by thin twisted fluted columns and culminating decorative capitals and a double arch. Beneath each office window is a rectangular panel bordered with terra cotta cast in a classical motif.</p><br>
<p>A flat roof with deep projecting eaves caps the structure. Cornice decorations, including sculpted lion heads and carved brackets featuring recessed floral medallions, punctuate the roof line. The "rope"</p><br>
<p>effect of the twisted columns is maintained in this area by two</p><br>
<p>horizontal bands, and the classical motif of the office window panels is repeated in a horizontal band below the brackets.</p><br>
<p>The interior bank lobby features original marble floors and freestanding covered columns as well as restored banded marble walls and high ceilings. Much of the rest of the interior has been renovated and remodeled.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>This building is widely believed to be the inspiration for the Cahuenga Building, a fictional building that housed the office of Philip Marlowe, the hardboiled detective featured in a number of Raymond Chandlers stories. Additionally, The Brasher Doubloon, a film adaption of Chandlers The High Window, features this building as that location. The intersection outside this building is named Raymond Chandler Square as a tribute to the belief that Phillip Marlowe&#39;s office was located here.</p><br>
<p>This building&#39;s exterior was a common filming location for and can be seen in many Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, and Charlie Chaplin films.</p><br>
<p>Ross Farm is a historic farmhouse at 123 Meadow Street in Northampton, Massachusetts. Its importance rests in its significance as the site of a utopian community that operated there from 1841 to 1845, and for its use as a site on the Underground Railroad. Once part of a 300 acre parcel, the property has been reduced to 2.25 acre, whose only significant structure is the farmhouse which was built in 1825.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The farmhouse was built by Thomas Burt, whose father acquired the property in 1798. The house is a typical late colonial/early Federalist center chimney layout, and retains many of its original features, despite a number of alterations. A 19th century piazza (porch) was removed early in the 20th century, and a Colonial Revival entry and brick stoop were added at the time in an apparent effort to restore the house&#39;s appearance. In 1834 Burt sold the property to Samuel Whitmarsh, under whose ownership the property reached its greatest extent. Whitmarsh planted mulberry trees and built a silk mill on the nearby Mill River. He sold the house and 150 acre to the Northampton Association for Education and Industry (NAEI), who operated the property as an experiment in communal living until 1845. The farm next came into the hands of Austin Ross, whose family owned the property until 1902.</p><br>
<p>Under the Ross family ownership two outbuildings were built: a hay barn just east of the house and a tobacco drying barn on the northern end of the surviving property (both built c. 1880). A corn crib was added in the early 1900s, and a utilitarian concrete worker housing structure was added in the 1950s. None of the outbuildings contribute to the importance of the property. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Utopian community and Underground Railroad</h2><br>
<p>The NAEI was part of a movement in the 1840s in which a number of communal living societies were established (one of the more well-known was Brook Farm outside Boston). One of the leaders of the NAEI was George Benson, brother-in-law to abolitionist firebrand William Lloyd Garrison. The organization operated the silk works begun by Whitmarsh, and provided a school, a store, and housing for the community members. Its membership peaked in 1844 with 120 members. It was operated on principles of equality, and most of its members were dedicated abolitionists. They in particular included African Americans in the community, a rarity for the time, including Sojourner Truth. The property has a well documented history as a major meeting point on the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>Austin Ross came from Chaplin, Connecticut, and was, like the NAEI members, a committed abolitionist. The farm continued to act as a station on the Underground Railroad during his ownership.</p><br>
